Real Estate & Tax Simulator

Understanding Real Estate Taxes Across Countries:

Tax regulations vary significantly between countries. Here's what you need to know:

France 🇫🇷

• Notary Fees: 7-8% of purchase price (includes registration tax)
• Property Tax (Taxe Foncière): ~€15-€50 per sqm/year
• Capital Gains Tax: 19% + 17.2% social charges (36.2% total)
• Exemptions: Primary residence exempt from capital gains
• Rental Income Tax: Marginal rate (up to 45%) or Micro-BIC (50% deduction)
• Wealth Tax (IFI): Applies above €1.3M real estate portfolio

United Kingdom 🇬🇧

• Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT):
  • 0% up to £250,000
  • 5% from £250,001 to £925,000
  • 10% from £925,001 to £1.5M
  • 12% above £1.5M
  • +3% surcharge for additional properties
• Council Tax: £1,000-£3,000/year (varies by band)
• Capital Gains Tax: 18% (basic rate) or 28% (higher rate)
• Rental Income Tax: Marginal rate (20-45%)
• Mortgage Interest Relief: Limited to 20% tax credit

United States 🇺🇸

• Title Insurance & Closing Costs: 2-5% of purchase price
• Property Tax: 0.5-2.5% of property value/year (varies by state)
• Capital Gains Tax:
  • 0%, 15%, or 20% (federal) based on income
  • Primary residence: $250k/$500k exclusion (single/married)
  • Plus state taxes (0-13.3% in CA)
• Rental Income Tax: Federal (10-37%) + State (0-13.3%)
• Deductions: Mortgage interest, property tax, depreciation (27.5 years)
• 1031 Exchange: Defer capital gains by reinvesting in similar property

Spain 🇪🇸

• Transfer Tax (ITP): 6-10% (varies by region)
• Notary & Registration Fees: 1-2%
• Property Tax (IBI): 0.4-1.1% of cadastral value/year
• Capital Gains Tax: 19-26% (progressive)
• Rental Income Tax:
  • Residents: 19-26% (progressive)
  • Non-residents: 24% (EU) or 19% (non-EU)
  • 60% deduction if long-term rental
• Non-Resident Tax: 2% of cadastral value/year (imputed income)

Portugal 🇵🇹

• Property Transfer Tax (IMT):
  • 0% up to €92,407 (primary residence)
  • Up to 8% for secondary/investment properties
• Stamp Duty: 0.8% of purchase price
• Notary & Registration: ~€1,500-€3,000
• Property Tax (IMI): 0.3-0.8% of fiscal value/year
• Capital Gains Tax: 50% of gain taxed at marginal rate (up to 48%)
• Rental Income Tax:
  • Option 1: 28% flat rate
  • Option 2: Marginal rate (up to 48%)
• NHR Regime: 10-year tax exemption for new residents

Germany 🇩🇪

• Property Transfer Tax (Grunderwerbsteuer): 3.5-6.5% (varies by state)
• Notary & Registration: 1.5-2% of purchase price
• Property Tax (Grundsteuer): €200-€600/year (varies)
• Capital Gains Tax:
  • Exempt if held >10 years
  • Otherwise: Marginal rate (up to 45%) + solidarity surcharge (5.5%)
• Rental Income Tax: Marginal rate (14-45%)
• Deductions: Maintenance, management fees, depreciation (2%/year over 50 years)

Switzerland 🇨🇭

• Property Transfer Tax: 1-3% (varies by canton)
• Notary Fees: 0.5-1.5%
• Property Tax: 0.1-0.3% of property value/year
• Capital Gains Tax: 10-50% (varies by canton & holding period)
• Rental Income Tax: Federal (0.77-11.5%) + Cantonal (varies)
• Wealth Tax: 0.3-1% on net assets (varies by canton)
• Imputed Rental Value: Taxed even if owner-occupied

Italy 🇮🇹

• Registration Tax:
  • Primary residence: 2% (min €1,000)
  • Secondary/Investment: 9%
• Notary Fees: 1-2.5%
• Property Tax (IMU): 0.4-1.06% of cadastral value/year (exempt for primary residence)
• Capital Gains Tax: 26% (exempt if primary residence held >5 years)
• Rental Income Tax:
  • Option 1: 21% flat rate (Cedolare Secca)
  • Option 2: Marginal rate (23-43%)

Belgium 🇧🇪

• Registration Duty:
  • Flanders: 3% (primary), 12% (secondary)
  • Wallonia: 12.5%
  • Brussels: 12.5%
• Notary Fees: ~€3,000-€8,000
• Property Tax (Précompte immobilier): €500-€2,000/year
• Capital Gains Tax: Generally exempt if not habitual seller
• Rental Income Tax: Marginal rate (25-50%)
• Bonus: Mortgage interest deductible in Flanders (diminishing)

Netherlands 🇳🇱

• Transfer Tax:
  • Primary residence (first-time buyers <35): 0%
  • Primary residence (others): 2%
  • Investment properties: 10.4%
• Notary Fees: €1,500-€2,500
• Property Tax (OZB): 0.1-0.3% of WOZ value/year
• Capital Gains Tax: Not applicable (included in wealth tax)
• Box 3 Wealth Tax: ~1.2% on net assets >€57,000
• Rental Income Tax: 49.5% marginal rate
• Mortgage Interest Relief: Deductible for primary residence (max 30 years)

Important Disclaimer: Tax laws change frequently and vary based on individual circumstances. This information is for general guidance only. Always consult with a qualified tax advisor or real estate attorney in the country where you're purchasing property.

Tax Optimization Strategies:

• Holding Company: Consider buying through a company for tax benefits (consult professional)
• Primary Residence Exemption: Many countries offer capital gains exemption
• 1031 Exchange (USA): Defer taxes by reinvesting in similar property
• Depreciation: Deduct property depreciation against rental income (USA, Germany)
• Mortgage Interest Deduction: Available in many countries for primary residence
• Long-Term Holding: Reduced/exempt capital gains after 10+ years (Germany, Italy)
• Rental Deductions: Maintenance, management fees, insurance, property tax
• Special Regimes: NHR in Portugal, Beckham Law in Spain for expats